经济学作业代写:不公平的贸易政策

2019-12-09 02:50

首先，不公平的贸易政策要求公司在某些情况下提供贿赂。贝克和马赫认为高税收或关税很容易导致贿赂。外国公司往往通过行贿来获得一系列优惠政策，从而降低成本，增加利润。此外，许多发展中国家的政府官员收入很少。面对企业的贿赂，这些官员很难拒绝。有人送，有人收，就这样行了贿赂。在这些国家，贿赂是普遍和流行的。一些官员甚至向外国公司索贿。如果一些公司不能满足他们的要求，它将失去在这个国家获得订单或合同的机会。或者公司不能与其他行贿的公司获得同等的市场地位。从公司的功能和本能来看，公司通过行贿来获得更多的市场份额或订单是没有错的(Andrade,1985)。特别是在一些发达国家，贿赂是潜规则，适当的贿赂是对当地商业环境的一种适应。否则，该公司将没有机会在当地市场与其他公司竞争。公司明智的做法是遵循当地的环境来获得更多的利润。更重要的是，发展中国家通常是大市场，有大量的需求和廉价的自然资源。如果一些公司不适应环境，就会被竞争对手淘汰出局。因此，如果一家公司决定在这些国家开放市场，行贿是明智的。
经济学作业代写:不公平的贸易政策
Firstly, unfair trade policies require companies to offer bribes in some situations. Beck and Maher believed that high taxes or customs duties could cause bribes easily. Foreign companies tend to offer bribes to get a series of favor policies to reduce their costs and then increase profits. In addition, many officials in government of developing countries earn little money. When facing the bribe of companies, it is hard for these officials to refuse. In this way, someone sends and some other one accepts, and thus bribe activity is done. In such countries, bribe is common and popular. Some officials even claim bribes of foreign companies. If some company does not meet their satisfaction, it will lose opportunity of getting orders or contracts in the country. Or the firm cannot get an equal market position with other companies who offer bribes. From the viewpoint of function and instinct of company, it is not wrong for company to offer bribes to get more market shares or orders (Andrade,1985). Especially in some developed countries, where bribe is the hidden rule, proper bribe is a kind of adaptation to local business environment. Otherwise, the company will have no chance to compete with other companies in the local markets. The wise way of companies is to follow local environment to get more profits. What`s more, developing countries are usually large markets, with huge number of demands and cheap natural resources. If some company does not fit for the environment, it will be get rid of local market by its competitive rivals. Therefore, if one company decides to open market in such countries, it is wise for it to offer bribe.

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