econ作业代写 经济发展定义

2020-02-07 09:07

如果把经济发展定义为低收入国家经济转变为现代工业经济的过程，那么非洲的经验告诉我们，这个过程不是普遍的、标准化的，也不是典型的西方发展意识形态下理论化的。独立后，非洲被推入全球资本主义经济，并被期望遵循西方的发展标准——这引发了无数的矛盾。非洲的经验不能通过空间或时间来概括，但在许多情况下，非洲经济的经验与正统的发展相矛盾。与具有既定国家合法性的强大资本主义经济相比，非洲的经验是，实现经济发展的假定机制往往存在于竞争中，而不是合作中。强大的殖民遗产让位于经济发展、有效的选举民主、资本主义阶级和国家能力之间的非常规关系。我将参照津巴布韦和乌干达的经验，说明这种关系如何表现和背离正统的发展理论。通过追踪这些国家自独立以来政治和经济结构的变化，我将说明非洲的经验如何不是普遍的，以及它如何经常违背结构主义和自由主义理想。
econ作业代写 经济发展定义
If economic development is defined as the process by which low-income national economies are transformed into modern industrial economies, then Africa’s experiences have taught us that this process is not universal, standardised, or neatly theorised under typical Western ideologies of development. Post-independence, Africa was thrust into the global capitalist economy and expected to comply to western standards of development – giving rise to countless contradictions. Africa’s experience can’t be generalised through space or time, but in many cases the experience of African economies has been contradictory to orthodox of development. In contrast to strong capitalist economies with established state legitimacy, the African experience has been one where the presupposed mechanisms for achieving economic development often exist in competition rather than in cooperation. The strong colonial legacy has given way to an unconventional relationship between the efforts of economic development, a functional electoral democracy, the capitalist class and the capacity of the state. With reference to the experiences of Zimbabwe and Uganda, I will show how this relationship manifests and diverges from orthodox theories of development. By tracing the transformation in the political and economic structures of these countries since independence, I will demonstrate how the African experience has not been universal and how it often defies both structuralist and liberalist ideals.

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