澳洲格里菲斯代写作业:哲学家的观点

2018-10-23 19:01

虽然每个观点都很重要，但我更感兴趣的是每个哲学家，尤其是内格尔，对荒谬的回应。加缪对荒谬的回应自然是叛逆:对自己诚实面对世界的真正无意义，但不放弃自己的意义使命。然而，这并没有消除荒谬——除了自杀，没有什么能做到这一点——相反，它让我们生活在诚实、尊严和正直之中。然后是内格尔的反应，讽刺。在我看来，这不过是加缪的一次叛乱，但它没有达到目的，最终达到了哲学意义上的自杀。这可以用两个对立的倾向来解释。内格尔认为，这种荒谬的感觉源自我们内心两种截然相反的倾向:首先，我们认真对待自己的生活，或者至少是生活中的活动和项目，我们无法避免这样做。另一方面，我们也有能力破坏我们任何项目的理由。我们所做的任何事情都不能从根本上超越人类利益的角度来证明是正当的。纳格尔谴责造反的想法，因为它过于夸张和做作。他把它比作向世界挥舞拳头，认为它毫无意义，只不过是一种可笑的景象。那纳格尔会推荐什么呢?当通过他的眼睛讨论生活时，Nagel最终说，“如果没有理由相信任何事情都是重要的，那么那也不重要，我们可以用讽刺来对待我们荒谬的生活，而不是英雄主义或绝望”(Nagel，荒谬)然而，这回避了一个问题，什么是讽刺?难道它本身就不是超然和否定的，本质上说的不是什么意思吗?这就是讽刺的样子，你知道你在生活中可能没有任何意义，但你继续你的快乐的方式，微笑在你的脸上。讽刺是把生活看得太严肃，同时也在嘲笑自己，因为你完全意识到自己把生活看得太严肃了。
澳洲格里菲斯代写作业:哲学家的观点
While each viewpoint is important, I am more interested in the response that each philosopher, especially Nagel, has to the absurd. Camus’ response to the absurd is naturally, rebellion: the idea of being honest with yourself about the true meaninglessness of the world, but not giving up on your mandate for meaning. This, however, doesn’t erase the absurd – nothing short of suicide can do that – but instead, it allows us to live with honesty, dignity, and integrity. Then there is Nagel’s response, irony. Which, to me, appears that it is simply an attempt at Camus’ rebellion, but it falls short and ends up amounting to philosophical suicide. Which can be explained by two opposing tendencies that lie within one’s self.Nagel argues that the sense of the absurd result from two opposing tendencies within us: To start, we take our lives, or at least activities and projects within lives, seriously, and we cannot avoid doing so. On the flip side, we are also capable of undermining the reasons for any of our projects. Nothing we do can be justified from a point of view radically outside human interests. Nagel condemns the idea of rebellion for being melodramatic and histrionic. He compares it to shaking ones’ fist at the world and deems it pointless, nothing more than a ridiculous spectacle.  What does Nagel then recommend? When discussing life through his eyes Nagel ultimately says that, “if there is no reason to believe that anything matters, then that doesn’t matter either, and we can approach our absurd lives with irony instead of heroism or despair” (Nagel, The Absurd) However, that begs the question what is irony? Is it not in and of itself detachment and denial, essentially saying what one doesn’t mean? This is what irony looks like, knowing that you may have absolutely no meaning in life, but you continue on your merry way with a grin on your face. Irony is taking life too seriously while also laughing at yourself because you are fully aware of the fact that you are taking it too literally.

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