梅西大学代写Essay:前运算阶段

2017-05-23 00:40

前运算阶段，当孩子在两到七岁，特点是词汇的扩展，符号和图像和自我意识发展的一个增长。根据弗朗索瓦（1995引述皮亚杰认知发展的阶段），儿童的相关对象，好像他们都是一样的。例如，孩子们认为所有的女人都是“木乃伊”，而所有的男人都是“爸爸”。此外，孩子的思想被认为是直推，这意味着他们将一个对象和另一个之间的比较（卡尔森和buskist，1997）。例如，一个孩子可能会问，“如果我吃了菠菜，我会成为大而强的（像Popeye）？”此外，皮亚杰所有的孩子在这一阶段的特点是以自我为中心的倾向，认为世界只有他们的视角与不能考虑别人的观点。这方面的一个例子是一个孩子，隐藏自己的脸有困难时，由于人们认为，当他们看不到成年，成年见不到他们。皮亚杰观察到的自我中心主义的概念通过“三山”实验（皮亚杰& Inhelder，1956被楚门&罗利，2010）这些孩子被认为一个泰迪熊会看到不同的观点。一个孩子坐在模型的一边，特迪坐在对面，移动到山的不同侧面。然后，他们被要求选择一个图片的玩具将能够看到。皮亚杰的孩子们无法理解的观点不同于自己，直到七岁，支持自我概念。
梅西大学代写Essay:前运算阶段
The preoperational stage, when the child is around two to seven years old, is characterised by an expansion of vocabulary, symbols and images and an increased development of self-awareness. According to Lefrancois (1995 as cited in Piaget's stages of cognitive development), children respond to related objects as though they are the same. For example, children perceive all women to be "Mummy" and all men to be "Daddy". Furthermore, a child's thoughts are believed to be transductive, meaning they will make comparisons between one object and another (Carlson & Buskist, 1997). For example, a child may ask, "If I eat spinach, will I become big and strong (like Popeye)?" In addition, Piaget characterised all children in this stage as being egocentric, with the tendency to view the world from only their perspective with the inability to take into account the perspective of others. An example of this is a child hiding their face when in trouble due to the belief that as they can't see the adult, the adult won't be able to see them.Piaget observed the concept of egocentrism through the "Three Mountains" experiment (Piaget & Inhelder, 1956 as cited by Trueman & Rowley, 2010) in which children were asked to perceive what a teddy bear would see from different viewpoints. A child was sat on one side of the model with a teddy sat opposite and moved to different sides of the mountains. They were then asked to choose a picture of what the teddy would be able to see. Piaget children were unable to perceive a viewpoint that differed from their own, until the age of seven, supporting the egocentric concept.